According to statistics, in recent years, humanity has often come across diabetes, which is an epidemic of the 21st century. Every year the disease is getting younger and more and more patients die of complications. In this sense, it is important to understand what diabetes is mellitus, what types of diabetes there are and its differences.
Types of diabetes
Diabetic pathology is a collective name for a whole class of diseases. In medicine, it is usual to release diabetes mellitus by type. Terminology itself is represented by a whole list of diseases that have common resources. The characteristics of diabetes and species are due to the pathogenic value of glucose in the bloodstream.
There are many factors, which is why insulin is not able to provide glucose to blood cells, while the result is always the only one - in the course of strong blood saturation by sugar, cells are unable to eat normally.
When sugar in cells is inappropriate, it is pulled by water. The liquid that fills the blood goes through the kidneys, leading to dehydration. Regardless of what type of sugar disease is observed, the following signs develop:
- Dryness in the oral cavity;
- feeling of thirst;
- Frequent visits to the bathroom and abundant urine discharge.
Several forms of diabetes are characterized by factors of appearance, symptoms and therapy methods.
Diabetes classification
How many types of diabetes sugar are there? First of all, diabetes is distinguished by type - sugar associated with an increase in sugar and not -ahar. And the type of sugar already has certain types of diabetes and their differences.
- SD 1 Form.
- SD 2 shapes.
- Specific types of pathology.
- Gestational form.
In terms of gravity, diabetes is distinguished by the type:
- light;
- average;
- Heavy form.
In relation to the state of compensation, they distinguish:
- compensated;
- Subcompered;
- Decompensated form of the disease.
It is important to consider each type of diabetes and their characteristics.
Type 1 diabetes (insulin dependent)
The first type of diabetes is generally called autoimmune damage or viral to the insulin pancreas. In patients with 1 type of diabetes, insulin is absent or not.
According to statistics, the manifestation of the disease is today in young people. The first form has the following signs:
- rapid weight loss;
- thirst;
- frequent desire to the bathroom;
- feeling of hunger;
- The occurrence of acetone in the urine.
The treatment of this variety of pathology implies the introduction of the necessary dosage of the hormone. The other therapeutic measures are ineffective.
The development of the 1st type of disease occurs due to a genetic factor. In addition, the provocative is a series of negative reasons, starting with impaired immunity. The diabetes course is sudden, with pronounced demonstrations. The sugar indicator is quite high, reaches 30 mmol/l. But without insulin, cells remain in a state of hunger.
Pancreatic cells are deformed, the sugar produced. Hormone deficiency leads to the impossibility of using carbohydrates, the lack of energy attempts to compensate for fat processing.
The first type develops in the presence of:
- infections;
- stress;
- sedentary life;
- Auto -Imune processes;
- Hereditary predisposition;
- Inadequate nutrition.
In the absence of proper treatment, the discord of consciousness, even a diabetic coma, are developing rapidly. Subsequently, if you do not comprehensively treat diabetes in adults, it will quickly lead to a disorder of almost all systems and organs, deficiency.
With the development of the disease in a child, there is a delay in the development of the physical, mental level, later puberty, infantilism.
The only method of therapy is the introduction of insulin into injections under the epithelium. Today, glucose is not introduced many times. There are analogs introduced 1 time per day or 1 time for 3 days. The insulin pump is effective, which introduces glucose continuously during the day.
A variety of 1 form of the disease is a latent autoimmune disease of adults, characterized by a decrease in sugar value, the patient's body weight is normal. In the study, antibodies are found in pancreatic cells that are not available in the 2nd form of pathology, but there is in 1 form.
It is important to diagnose the disease in time, since therapy implies the introduction of insulin. Tablets, to reduce sugar in this situation, are not allowed.
Type 2 diabetes (insulin dependent)
Second degree diabetes is not absolute, but regarding the inferiority of insulin. This indicates insulin secretion in a normal and normal volume. Cells are resistant to their influence.
There are times when this species is associated with obesity. In such a glucose secretion position, it is not sufficient for all current fat deposits. Unlike 1 form, 2 species are formed in mature years. The male is confronted with a problem after 40, female in the post -climax period, when restructuring is observed at a hormonal level.
The development of 2 forms of diabetes is not so fast compared to 1 type. Often the disease is gradually formed, the signs are weak, painful disorders are not as far as 1.
The main manifestations of the disease include:
- Dryness in the oral cavity;
- the increase in the volume of urine, which causes the patient to enter the bathroom in the middle of the night;
- a strong desire to drink;
- Itching of mucous membranes;
- There is an increased desire.
After the disease, along with obesity, leads to the development of a hypertensive disease, increasing pressure for high values. The formation of a vicious circle is formed when diabetes, obesity and hypertension together lead to overwhelming. The risk of heart attack, the stroke is also growing rapidly.
If the disease is not treated, irreversible phenomena occur in nerve fibers, liver, kidneys, ocular retina. Most of the time, vascular disease in form 2 leads to complication - the appearance of trophic ulcers in the leg leg, gangrene legs.
When the 2 SD species proceed easily to normalize sugar, kilograms sufficiently discarded. This is only initially. After lack of glucose, it will require medications that lower the sugar in the pills. The pill can stimulate sugar synthesization in beta cells, which covers its deficiency.
But later, with multiple stimulation, complete depletion of cells, the formation of a complete lack of glucose is possible. The high indicators, along with the complications in relation to the internal organs, serve as an indication to change insulin pill. Therefore, as a rule, the patient is doomed to the constant use of insulin. Thus, of the 2 types of diabetes, the 1st insulin dependent and the second form has 2 phases, the nature of development depends on insulin and insulin dependent.
Specific types of diabetes
There are an entire group of specific types of diabetes associated with other factors. Types of Diabetes:
- Hereditary defects in the work of pancreatic organ cells and the effect of insulin.
- The disease of the exocrine of the gland.
- Endocrinopathy.
- SD, caused by medicines, chemical elements.
- Injections.
- Unusual types of immune disease.
- Hereditary symptoms combined with diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus by the types of genetic defects on the work of the effects of pancreas and insulin is formed due to the mutation of genes responsible for the functioning of the gland, the effect of insulin.
The diseases of the exocrine of the pancreas imply an inflammatory process in iron, injury and tumor formations. When part of the organ is affected, sugar productivity also suffers, the service station leads to the appearance of diabetes. Therapy undergoes a replacement of work, introduces glucose.
Diabetes mellitus by type of endocrin therapy is characterized by the performance of hormones in excessive volume. Hormones are able to negatively affect sugar exchange increasing the indicator, causing insulin resistance, inhibiting exposure to sugar. As a result, there is the development in a specific way of diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus by types caused by medications capable of increasing sugar and causing insulin resistance.
Frequently, diabetes initially develops after viral pathologies, as viruses can affect pancreatic cells surprisingly and cause damage to the immune system, launching a process similar to the formation of sugar disease in the form.
- Adenovirus.
- Cytomegalovirus.
- Rubella.
- Piggy.
In rare cases, diabetes is observed with diabetes caused by the formation of antibodies in glucose and their receiver. The receiver is the goal of glucose, through it the cell receives its influence. When these phenomena are violated, sugar is unable to perform its work naturally, so it develops diabetes.
Gestational diabetes
This species develops during pregnancy. The disease develops due to the lower productivity of sugar, it is necessary to regulate glucose in the bloodstream.
During pregnancy, the female body is forced to produce a large amount of sugar, which provides the baby's need. This process is especially relevant in the second phase of pregnancy.
When there is a lack of glucose, the value of sugar is growing all the time, providing the possibility of forming a gestational type of diabetes. The pathology usually disappears after the birth of a child. This is a feature that distinguishes this type of other species with a chronic flow.
Diabetes No -Adstates
The non -naitar form of the disease is also called ureticha. The pathology has no typical signs. The main features include:
- Polyuria, characterized by the release of urine in volume, which significantly exceeds the norm;
- Polydipsia - Taking large volumes of fluid.
With a disease, diabetics observe:
- dry skin;
- The stomach is stretched, lowered;
- Body weight falls;
- The pressure decreases;
- The genitourinary system is affected (girls face a violation of the menstrual cycle in men, power decreases);
- Children's ennuses are concerned, development and development development are delayed.
Nonachard therapy provides the receipt of vasopressin in the form of a spray in the nose or pill cavity.